1)对立法——先引出其他人的不同看法，然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法，适用于有争议性的主题。

　　[1] when asked about..., the vast/overwhelming majority of people say that …. but i think/view a bit differently.

　　[2] when it comes to ...., some people believe that…. others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true. there is probably some truth in both arguments/statements, but i tend to the former/latter.

　　[3] now, it is commonly/generally/widely believed/held/acknowledged that..... they claim/ believe/argue that ... but i wonder/doubt whether.....

　　2)现象法——引出要剖析的现象或者问题，然后评论。

　　[1] recently the rise in the problem/phenomenon of ... has cause/aroused public/popular/wide/ worldwide concern.

　　[2] recently the issue of the problem/phenomenon of ...has been brought into focus/into public attention.

　　[3] inflation/corruption/social inequality ... is yet another of the new and bitter truth we have to learn to face now/constantly.

　　3)观点法——开门见山，直接了当地提出自己对要讨论的问题的看法。

　　[1] now people in growing/significant numbers are beginning/coming to realize/accept/(be aware) that...

　　[2] now there is a(n)growing awareness/recognition of the necessity to....

　　[3] now people become increasingly aware/conscious of the importance of ....

　　[4] perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude/idea that....

　　4)引用法——先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法，来引出文章要展开论述的观点。

　　[1] "knowledge is power." this is the remark made by bacon. this remark has been shared by more and more people.

　　[2] "education is not complete with graduation." this is the opinion of a great american philosopher. now more and more people share his opinion.

　　[3] "...." we often hear statements/words like those/this.

　　[4] we often hear such traditional complains as this "....".

　　5)比较法——通过对过去、现在两种不同的倾向、观点的比较，引出文章要讨论的观点。

　　[1] for years, ...had been viewed as .... but people are taking a fresh look now. with the growing ..., people ....

　　[2] people used to think that ... (in the past, ....) but people now share this new idea.

　　6)故事法——先讲一个较短的故事来引发读者的兴趣，引出文章的主题。(建议少用)

　　[1] once in (a newspaper), i read of/learnt..... the phenomenon of ... has aroused public concern.

　　[2] i have a friend who ... should he ....? such a dilemma we are often confronted with in our daily life.

　　[3] once upon a time, there lived a man who .... this story may be (unbelievable), but it still has a realistic significance now.